![]() Reducing or even eliminating this dependence is a priority. Indeed, especially in light of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the risk of dependence on revisionist powers for energy, raw materials, and strategic technologies and products constitutes a major weakness, giving these states the power to blackmail democracies. In a first sense, upstream, the notion is easily understood. European Strategic Autonomy: A Polysemous Concept ![]() These questions have been given dramatic topicality by Russia’s all-out aggression against Ukraine, both by imposing an immediate response and by forcing an urgent upgrade of our instruments of action.īy taking up the notion, coined in 2010 long before he became president, Emmanuel Macron has raised questions, partly due to the multiple meanings of this idea. It is in this already complex context that several other debates have collided: on strategic autonomy, the respective roles of NATO and the European Security and Defence Policy, and, more generally, the question of the transatlantic link. Finally, our security is linked to the credibility of our conventional and nuclear deterrence, but also to other forms of this deterrence such as sanctions and lawfare. Security has many facets in addition to conventional challenges: the fight against information manipulation and foreign interference, the fight against cybercrime, and, as is often forgotten, the fight against corruption, on which some of these threats proliferate. Naturally, it includes a dimension of protection against a domestic menace, such as a terrorist threat. It also means having the capacity to intervene on external territories, when it comes to eliminating a potential threat on its periphery, and defending an attacked allied country, whether it is a member of NATO or not. ![]()
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